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2009 L'Aquila G8 Summit
Interim Compliance Report
11 July 2009 to 22 February 2010
Prepared by Adrienne Davidson, Shiva Logarajah, Sam Plett, Erin Fitzgerald, Netila Demneri and Mark Rakhmangulov,
with Jenilee Guebert
the University of Toronto G8 Research Group
and the State University Higher School of Economics (Moscow) G8 Research Centre
22 March 2010, revised 4 May 2010
The 2009 L'Aquila G8 Summit Interim Compliance Report reviews progress made on selected commitments set out at the 2009 L'Aquila Summit for the period of 11 July 2009 to 22 February 2010. The preface and summary of the findings are listed below. The 2009 Interim Compliance Scores and Summary Compliance Scores since 1996 are also listed below.
Download the full 2009 L'Aquila G8 Summit Interim Compliance Report (PDF, 306 pages), or download the each section below.The report contains the following sections, which can be downloaded separately:
Each year since 1996, the G8 Research Group has produced a compliance report on the progress made by the G8 member countries in meeting the commitments issued at each summit. Since 2002, the group has published an interim report, timed to assess progress at moment of the transition between one country’s year as host and the next, and a final report issued just before the leaders’ annual summit. These reports, which monitor each country’s efforts on a carefully chosen selection of the many commitments announced at the end of each summit, are offered to the general public and to policy makers, academics, civil society, the media and interested citizens around the world in an effort to make the work of the G8 more transparent and accessible, and to provide scientific data to enable the meaningful analysis of this unique and informal institution. Compliance reports are available at the G8 Information Centre at www.g8.utoronto.ca/compliance.
The G8 Research Group is an independent organization based at the University of Toronto. Founded in 1987, it is an international network of scholars, professionals and students that has as its mission to serve as the leading independent source of analysis on the G8. The group oversees the G8 Information Centre, which publishes, free of charge, research on the G8 and also publishes official documents issued by the G8.
For the 2009 Interim Compliance report, 24 priority commitments were selected from the 254 commitments made at the L’Aquila Summit, hosted by Italy from 8 to 10 July 2009. This report assesses the results of compliance with those commitments as of 22 February 2010. The G8 Research Group in Toronto has again worked with a team at the State University Higher School of Economics (HSE) in Moscow led by Mark Rakhmangulov, specifically on the reports for Russia. This continues the collaboration that has existed between the two teams since 2006, and will continue for the final compliance report.
To make its assessments, the G8 Research Group relies on publicly available information, documentation and media reports. To ensure the accuracy, comprehensiveness and integrity of these reports, we encourage comments and suggestions. Indeed, this is a living document, and the scores can be recalibrated if new material becomes available. All feedback remains anonymous and is not attributed. Responsibility for this report’s contents lies exclusively with the authors and analysts of the G8 Research Group.
The work of the G8 Research Group would not be possible without the steadfast dedication of many people around the world. This report is the product of a team of energetic and hard-working analysts led by Erin Fitzgerald, chair of the student executive, and Netila Demneri, vice-chair, as well as the co-chairs of the Compliance Unit: Adrienne Davidson, Shiva Logarajah and Sam Plett. It would also not be possible without the support of Dr Ella Kokotsis, director of external relations, and Jenilee Guebert, director of research. We are also indebted to the many people who provided feedback on our draft version, whose comments have been carefully considered in this revised report.
John Kirton
Director
G8 Research Group
The University of Toronto G8 Research Group has completed its eighth annual Interim Compliance Report. It is based on an analysis of compliance by G8 member states and the EU with 24 priority commitments from the 2009 L’Aquila Summit and covers the period from 10 July 2009 to 22 February 2010. This timeframe allows for an assessment of compliance approximately coincident with the transfer of the G8 presidency from Italy to Canada, which occurred on 1 January 2009.
The Interim Compliance Scores are contained in Table A. Individual country and issue assessments are contained in the sections below. This report is intended to provide a mid-term assessment of the members’ progress toward compliance and to follow the transition in the presidency of the G8. The observations contained in this report are therefore based on relevant information available as of end of February 2010. The Final Compliance Report, which will be published immediately prior to the 2010 Muskoka Summit, will provide more comprehensive analysis and updated compliance scores.
The results of the G8 Research Group’s assessments indicate that, for the period July 2009 to February 2010, the G8 member states and the European Union received an average compliance score of +0.33. Individual scores are assigned on a scale where +1 indicates full compliance with the stated commitment, 0 is awarded for partial compliance or a work in progress, and -1 is reserved for those countries that fail to comply or that take action that is directly opposite to the stated goal of the commitment. The average interim score of +0.34 is on par with scores in previous years.
G8 members’ rankings are roughly in line with past interim reports. The United Kingdom has maintained its traditional first place. Canada, historically in second place, has slipped to third. Japan, Italy and France are all within one rank of their historical average. The European Union, historically ranked third for compliance, is tied for fourth with the United States. Russia has returned to its traditional eighth place, having ranked sixth in the interim compliance report for the 2008 Toyako-Hokkaido Summit. Italy is ranked last.
The difference between the highest and lowest G8 member compliance scores is 0.88. Although this is a large increase from the gap of 0.75 in the 2008 interim compliance report, it is only slightly smaller than the highest interim compliance gap of 0.89 after the 2005 Gleneagles Summit.
Overall compliance by commitment is almost uniformly distributed from -1 to +1, so it is difficult to identify outliers. Ten commitments were scored above +0.50, which is consistent with past years. Three commitments received a score of zero. There are four scores below zero this year, compared to five from last year, but only one the year before.
Within the Climate Change commitments, compliance was generally strong, with Technology Research and Development, Financing and Forest Degradation receiving average scores of 1, 0.78, and 0.67 respectively. The only outlier among the climate change commitments was Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), which received an average score of -0.33. The average score for the four commitments was 0.53, well above the average compliance score and above the 0.39 average for compliance on climate change commitments from 2008.
Other environment commitments, such as Biodiversity, which received a score of 0.56, tended to receive fairly strong scores. The Energy commitments were a similar case, with Energy Efficiency receiving a score of 0.44 and Clean Technology Transfer receiving a score of 0.44.
Security commitments also received among the highest average compliance scores. Both Piracy and Afghanistan received average scores of 0.89, while corruption received a score of 0.67. The score for the Terrorism commitment was 0.56. The only outlier was African Peace Support, which received an average score of 0.
Economic and finance commitments proved extremely variable. Foreign Direct Investment received an average score of 0.67, but Trade received a score of -0.78 and World Economy received a score of 0.11. International Financial Institutions fell in the middle of this range, receiving an average score of 0.33. The average score of these commitments amounts to 0.08, which is a significant drop from last year’s average of 0.58.
Scores for commitments dealing with the international framework for development assistance were low across the board. Official Development Assistance received an average score of 0.11, Good Governance received a score of 0, and Aid Effectiveness received a score of -0.44. Health specific commitments also tended to score low, on average, with Health Systems received a score of 0.33 and Child Mortality receiving a score of 0.11. However, among commitments dealing with other aspects of development assistance, the results were more variable. Food and Agriculture's average score of 0.78, although Water and Sanitation received 0.33 and Education received a score of 0.11. The low average of the development commitments (0.14) is consistent with past reports, although it is well above the very low average from 2008 at -0.42.
The information contained within this report provides G8 member countries and other stakeholders with an indication of their compliance results in the post-Gleneagles period. As with previous compliance reports, this report has been produced as an invitation for others to provide additional or more complete information on country compliance. As always, comments are welcomed and would be considered as part of an analytical reassessment. Please send your feedback to g8@utoronto.ca.
Commitment |
Canada |
France |
Germany |
Italy |
Japan |
Russia |
UK |
U.S. |
EU |
Average |
World Economy [21] |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
-1 |
0 |
-1 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
0.11 |
Corruption [24] |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.67 |
Trade [37] |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
+1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-0.78 |
Foreign Direct Investment [40] |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.67 |
Climate Change: Technology R&D [64] |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
1 |
Climate Change: Financing [66] |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.78 |
Climate Change: Forest Degradation [73] |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.67 |
Biodiversity [81] |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
0.56 |
Energy Efficiency [87] |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
0.44 |
Energy: Clean Technology Transfer [91] |
0 |
-1 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.44 |
Climate Change: CCS [98] |
+1 |
-1 |
-1 |
-1 |
0 |
-1 |
+1 |
-1 |
0 |
-0.33 |
Africa: Official Development Assistance [115] |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-1 |
+1 |
-1 |
+1 |
0 |
-1 |
-0.11 |
Aid Effectiveness [119] |
0 |
-1 |
0 |
-1 |
-1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-1 |
-0.44 |
Water and Sanitation [146] |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
-1 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
0.33 |
Health: Health Systems [147] |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
-1 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.33 |
Health: Child Mortality [151] |
+1 |
0 |
-1 |
0 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
0 |
-1 |
0.11 |
Education [157] |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
-1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0.11 |
Africa: Peace Support [161] |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-1 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
0 |
Good Governance [167] |
0 |
-1 |
0 |
-1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Piracy [183] |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.89 |
Regional Security: Afghanistan [186] |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.89 |
Terrorism [202] |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.56 |
International Financial Institutions [203] |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
-1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
0.33 |
Food and Agriculture [246] |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0 |
0 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
+1 |
0.78 |
Country Average |
0.50 |
0.25 |
0.29 |
-0.25 |
0.54 |
0.21 |
0.63 |
0.42 |
0.42 |
|
2009 Interim Compliance Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.33 |
2008 Final Compliance Average |
0.75 |
0.20 |
0.60 |
0.10 |
0.35 |
0.25 |
0.80 |
0.80 |
0.55 |
0.48 |
2008 Interim Compliance Average |
0.20 |
-0.05 |
0.40 |
-0.20 |
-0.10 |
0.05 |
0.45 |
0.45 |
0.20 |
0.16 |
|
Lyon |
Denver |
Birmingham |
Cologne |
Okinawa |
Genoa |
Kananaskis |
Evian |
||
Final |
Final |
Final |
Final |
Final |
Final |
Interim |
Final |
Interim |
Final |
|
Canada |
0.47 |
0.17 |
0.50 |
0.67 |
0.83 |
0.82 |
0.77 |
0.82 |
0.58 |
0.83 |
France |
0.28 |
0.00 |
0.25 |
0.34 |
0.92 |
0.69 |
0.38 |
0.64 |
0.50 |
0.75 |
Germany |
0.58 |
0.17 |
0.25 |
0.17 |
1.00 |
0.59 |
0.08 |
0.18 |
0.42 |
0.50 |
Italy |
0.43 |
0.50 |
0.67 |
0.34 |
0.89 |
0.57 |
0.00 |
-0.11 |
0.38 |
0.25 |
Japan |
0.22 |
0.50 |
0.20 |
0.67 |
0.82 |
0.44 |
0.10 |
0.18 |
0.42 |
0.42 |
Russia |
N/A |
0.00 |
0.34 |
0.17 |
0.14 |
0.11 |
0.14 |
0.00 |
0.42 |
0.33 |
UK |
0.42 |
0.50 |
0.75 |
0.50 |
1.00 |
0.69 |
0.42 |
0.55 |
0.58 |
0.50 |
US |
0.42 |
0.34 |
0.60 |
0.50 |
0.67 |
0.35 |
0.25 |
0.36 |
0.50 |
0.50 |
EU |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
G8 + EU |
0.40 |
0.27 |
0.45 |
0.39 |
0.78 |
0.53 |
0.27 |
0.33 |
0.48 |
0.51 |
Number of commitments |
19 |
6 |
7 |
6 |
12 |
9 |
13 |
11 |
12 |
12 |
|
Sea Island |
Gleneagles |
St. Petersburg |
Heiligendamm |
Hokkaido-Toyako |
|||||
Interim |
Final |
Interim |
Final |
Interim |
Final |
Interim |
Final |
Interim |
Final |
|
Canada |
0.50 |
0.72 |
0.52 |
0.81 |
0.45 |
0.60 |
0.22 |
0.65 |
0.20 |
0.75 |
France |
0.39 |
0.50 |
0.48 |
0.57 |
0.30 |
0.40 |
0.17 |
0.52 |
-0.05 |
0.2 |
Germany |
0.50 |
0.67 |
0.33 |
0.88 |
0.45 |
0.55 |
0.48 |
0.57 |
0.40 |
0.6 |
Italy |
0.39 |
0.44 |
0.43 |
0.29 |
-0.10 |
0.05 |
0.13 |
0.17 |
-0.20 |
0,1 |
Japan |
0.33 |
0.39 |
0.52 |
0.52 |
0.30 |
0.40 |
0.04 |
0.30 |
-0.10 |
0.35 |
Russia |
0.00 |
0.06 |
-0.14 |
0.14 |
0.25 |
0.45 |
0.17 |
0.30 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
UK |
0.50 |
0.67 |
0.67 |
0.95 |
0.55 |
0.60 |
0.61 |
0.70 |
0.45 |
0.8 |
US |
0.44 |
0.72 |
0.71 |
0.81 |
0.35 |
0.60 |
0.78 |
0.91 |
0.45 |
0.8 |
EU |
0.50 |
0.72 |
0.75 |
0.89 |
0.58 |
0.58 |
0.39 |
0.48 |
0.20 |
0.55 |
G8 + EU |
0.39 |
0.54 |
0.47 |
0.65 |
0.35 |
0.47 |
0.33 |
0.51 |
0.16 |
0.48 |
Number of commitments |
18 |
18 |
21 |
21 |
20 |
20 |
23 |
23 |
20 |
20 |
Professor John Kirton, Director, G8 Research Group
Professor Marina Larionova, Chair, HSE Research Team
Dr. Ella Kokotsis, Director of External Relations, G8 Research Group
Jenilee Guebert, Director of Research, G8 Research Group
Erin Fitzgerald, Chair, G8 Research Group
Netila Demneri, Vice-Chair, G8 Research Group
Adrienne Davidson, Co-Chair, Compliance Unit
Shiva Logarajah, Co-Chair, Compliance Unit
Sam Plett, Co-Chair, Compliance Unit
Mark Rakhmangulov, HSE Research Team Leader
| Natalie Antonowicz | Egor Ouzikov |
| Hana Bokshi | Olga Tonkonojenkova |
| Kevin Draper | Harlan Tufford |
| Ivana Jankovic | Sabina Voicu |
| Denitza Koev | Vivian Wei |
| Masa Kovic |
| Amina Abdullayeva Larissa Adameck Javariyya Ahmad Ahad Ahmed Abdi Aidid Halah Akash Mina Akrami Nerin Ali Sabeeca Ali Kunal Amin Katie Andrews Ludwik Atoniuk Mickal Aranha Sima Atri Meaghan Brrett Sarah Beard Julie Beckstead Simon Bredin Natasha Britto Nikki Cargill Ailsa Chau Vanessa Cheng Mannu Chowdhury Melanie Clarke Nikola Cvetkovic Jessie Date-Ampofo Meara Deutsch-Goulet Hana Dhanji Andrew Do Vincent Eagan Emily Evangelista Niamh Fitzgerald Geneva Fong |
Alex Ognibene Igor Gontcharov Tanzeel Hakak Jasmine Hamade Chelsea Bin Han Sarah Hussani Kimberly Innes Danial Jameel Aras Jizan Lisa Jorgensen Guy Joseph Stephani Ju Edil Kassim Cristobal Kaufmann Can Kayalioglu Haider Khan Tala Khoury Mariann Lau Michelle (Yunjeong) Lee Yi Luo Andrew Lynes Ronan MacParland Irene Magharian Rameez Mahmood Vincent Manzenberger Megan McGinnis-Dunphy Polliana Mendonca Poorva Misra James Monteith Roshan Muralidhar Mahmood Mustafaa Ryerson Neal David Nugent |
Rufina (Kyung Eun) Park Anxhela Peco Steven Penner Lauren Perruzza Andrew Pottruff Harris Quach Salahuddin Rafiquddin Farhana Rhaman Maria Robson Adam Romanov Luca Sarcanin Jeffrey Scorgie Andrei Sedoff Ioana Sendroiu Alexandra Sewell Hiba Sha’ath Saim Siddiqui Samir Siddiqui Rajiv Sinclair Jesse Spelring Tara Stankovic Somm Tabrizi Nehal Tolia Corinne Ton That Samantha Trope Erin Troy Paul Voinea Joelle Westlund Angela Wiggins Sahar Kazranian Hermonie Xie Ren Hui Yoong |
| Polina Arkhipova | Tatyana Lanshina | Anna Vekshina |
| Polina Cherepova | Ekaterina Maslovskaya | Yuriy Zaytsev |
| Natalya Churkina | Yulia Ovchinnikova | Natalya Zlokazova |
| Darya Frolova | Mark Rakhmangulov |
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